Marriage Note

Livisa and her husband, John Wesley CHILDRESS, had 6 children.

Event Travel - [date: 1 MAY 1915]
from Sicily to Milwaukee, WI

Anna and her husband, Leonardo Gucciardi, were accompanied to the U.S. by Anna's older sister, Maria Scarpaci. The name of the ship was The Dante Alighieri. Anna Cianciolo is listed as single. Len is listed as married.

0026. Cianciolo, Anna F 23y S Italy, Italyan South Milwakee, U.S.

Death Note

She was 87 yrs old.

Marriage Note

They were first cousins.

01-04-1999: Information supplied by Phil Sansone (b. 1919) indicates that Annette Cianciolo told him that she and her family (parents Frances and Philip, sisters Biaga, Frances and Joyce Ann) lived most of their lives in Milwaukee, WI.

01-06-1999: Current address
Annette and Alvin John Steichen
437 Bimini
Venice, Florida 34292
(941) 488-4443
e-mail: AL3ANN@@aol.com

01-04-1999: Information supplied by Phil Sansone (b. 1919) indicates that Annette Cianciolo told him that she and her family (parents Frances and Philip, sisters Biaga, Frances and Joyce Ann) lived most of their lives in Milwaukee, WI.

01-20-1999: E-mail from Annette Cianciolo Steichen (sister of Bess) notes that Bess is currently living in Jacksonville, FL. She and her husband, Raymond, had lived in Venice, FL, only a few doors away from Annette. They moved to Jacksonville to be closer to their only grandchild when her daughter and son-in-law, Cindy and James Barsamian, moved to Jacksonville to start his Oral Surgery practice.

01-24-1999: Current address: Bess and Raymond L. Richard, 1774 Swimming Salmon Place North, Jacksonville, FL 32225, (904) 642-1202

19 Jan 1968: Obituary of his sister-in-law, Lucia Cianciolo Caito, notes that Mrs. David (Mary) Cianciolo survives. From this, one must assume that David's last name is the same as his wife's maiden name, Cianciolo. The obituary also notes that they were living in Detroit at the time of Lucia Caito's death

01-04-1999: Information supplied by Phil Sansone (b. 1919) indicates that Annette Cianciolo told him that she and her family (parents Frances and Philip, sisters Biaga, Frances and Joyce Ann) lived most of their lives in Milwaukee, WI.

01-24-1999: Current address: Frances and Raymond Hartzell, 870 Exuma, Venice, FL 34292, (941) 484-8030

Ancestors of Philip Sansone

The following information is being published on this page with the permission of Philip Sansone. He has requested that no dates be given on any living members of his family tree. If you wish to inquire for more information on his family tree, please click on his name for his email address. We have been in contact for sometime but have not been able to find an exact link to our trees.
Generation 1
1. Philip Sansone Jr., son of Filippo Sansone and Margherita Mascari, married Nadine Anne Clark

Generation 2
2. Filippo Sansone, born November 24, 1884 in Termini Imerese, Sicily; died February 14, 1972 in Malone, New York. He was the son of Giovanni Sansone and Pietra D'Amore. He married Margherita Mascari December 14, 1912.
3. Margherita Mascari, born August 1, 1893 in Termini Imerese, Sicily; died March 14, 1971 in Malone, New York. She was the daughter of Rosario Mascari and Biaga Longo.

Children of Filippo Sansone and Margherita Mascari (all born in Malone, New York):
John Anthony Sansone, born January 17, 1913; died May 31, 1972; married Genevieve Martin
Raymond Sansone, born August 24, 1916; married Elisabeth Grispino

Philip Sansone Jr., born October 5, 1919; married Nadine Anne Clark

Francis Paul Sansone, born July 16, 1923; married Dorothy Cook

Patricia Ann Sansone, born July 21, 1933; married Laurence Phipps

Generation 3
4. Giovanni Sansone, born May 16, 1853 in Termini Imerese, Sicily; date of death unknown. He was the son of 8. Filippo Sansone and 9. Rafaella Guiseppa Cianciolo. He married Pietra D'Amore January 25, 1884. He later married Filippa Ciresi.
5. Pietra D'Amore, born May 20, 1856 in Termini Imerese, Sicily; died 1891. She was the daughter of 10. Francesco D'Amore and 11. Margherita Corso.

Children of Giovanni Sansone and Pietra D'Amore:
Filippo Sansone, born November 24, 1884 in Termini Imerese, Sicily; died February 14, 1972 in Malone, New York. Married Margherita Mascari December 14, 1912.
Guiseppina Sansone, born August 25, 1886; date of death unknown; married ? Palmisano

Francesco Sansone, born Nov 2,1888 in Termini Imerese, Sicily; died March 5,1974 in Malone, New York. Married Rosa Constantino. Later married Olive Marian Lemay

Margherita Sansone, born November 9, 1890 in Termini Imerese, Sicily; date of death unknown.

Children of Giovanni Sansone and Filippa Ciresi:
Leonardo Sansone, born May 2, 1894 in Termini Imerese, Sicily; date of death unknown.
Antonino Leonardo Sansone, born June 18, 1895 in Termini Imerese, Sicily; date of death unknown.

Andrea Sansone, born June 5, 1898 in Termini Imerese, Sicily; date of death unknown.

6. Rosario Mascari, born July 1855 in Termini Imerese, Sicily; died March 22, 1932 in Rochester, New York. He was the son of 12. Paulo Mascari and 13. Maria Rini. He married 7. Biaga Longo - born 1861 in Termini Imerese, Sicily; died November 28, 1927 in Rochester, New York. She was the daughter of 14. Antonio Longo and 15. Margherita Scalleta.

Children of Rosario Mascari and Biaga Longo:
Margherita Mascari, born August 1, 1893 in Termini Imerese, Sicily; died March 14, 1971. Married Filippo Sansone Dec 14, 1912.
Madelyn Mascari, born Dec 10, 1891; died 1985?; married Anthony Brescia

Maria Mascari, born Dec 24, 1890; date of death unknown; married Michael Palmisano

Paul Mascari, born 1888?; died May 16, 1953; married Libby Mercurio

Francesca Mascari, born May 1, 1896, date of death unknown; married Philip Cianciolo

Anthony Mascari, born Nov 17, 1902; married Rose Brickner

Salvatore (Pete) Mascari, born Apr 14, 1907, died Sept 26, 1989; married Mickey Amico

Generation 4
8. Filippo Sansone, born 1812 in Termini Imerese, Sicily; date of death unknown. He was the son of 16. Andrea Sansone and 17. Giraloma Palmisano. He married 9. Rafaella Guiseppa Cianciolo November 11, 1836 in Termini Imerese, Sicily - born 1815 in Termini Imerese, Sicily; date of death unknown. She was the daughter of 18. Giovanni Cianciolo and 19. Lucia Scarpace.

Children of Filippo Sansone and Rafaella Cianciolo:
Giraloma Sansone, born May 1, 1841 in Termini Imerese, Sicily; date of death unknown.
Andrea Sansone, born February 25, 1844 in Termini Imerese, Sicily; date of death unknown, married Anna Catanzaro on November 30, 1871 in Termini Imerese, Sicily

Children of Andrea Sansone and Anna Catanzaro
Philip Anthony Sansone, born Dec 18, 1874 in Termini Imerese, Sicily; date of death unknown in Syracuse, New York
Guiseppina Sansone, born Sept 13, 1877 in Termini Imerese, Sicily; date of death unknown in Syracuse, New York; married Anthony LaNasa

Guiseppi Sansone, born Jan 28, 1880 in Termini Imerese, Sicily, date of death unknown in Syracuse, New York

Carolina Sansone, Born Feb 5, 1882 in Termini Imerese, Sicily; date of death unknown in Syracuse, New York: married ? Williams

Salvatore (Sam) Sansone, born June 1, 1885 in Termini Imerese, Sicily; died Oct 3, 1963 in Syracuse, New York; married Mamie LaNasa

Michiele Sansone, born January 24, 1847 in Termini Imerese, Sicily; date of death unknown
Giovanni Sansone, born August 3, 1848 in Termini Imerese, Sicily; died before 1850 in Termini Imerese, Sicily

Salvatore Sansone, born January 13, 1850 in Termini Imerese, Sicily; date of death unknown.

Giovanni Sansone, born May 16, 1853 in Termini Imerese, Sicily; date of death unknown. He married Pietra D'Amore on January 25, 1884 in Termini Imerese, Sicily. Later married Filippa Ciresi on December 19, 1892.

Guiseppi Sansone, born May 1, 1856; date of death unknown.

10. Francesco D'Amore, date of birth unknown. Married Margarita Corso.
11. Margherita Corso, date of birth unknown.

Child of Francesco D'Amore and Margarita Corso:
Pietra D'Amore, born May 20, 1856 in Termini Imerese, Sicily; died 1891. Married Giovanni Sansone on January 25, 1884 in Termini Imerese, Sicily.
12. Paolo Mascari, date of birth unknown; date of death unknown. Married 13. Maria Rini.
13. Maria Rini, date of birth unknown; date of death unknown.

Children of Paolo Mascari and Maria Rini:
Lucia Mascari, dates and places of birth and death unknown; married Rosario Maschiri
Maria Mascari, dates and places of birth and death unknown; married Matthew Pupura.

Rosario Mascari, born July 1855 in Termini Imerese, Sicily; died March 22, 1932 in Rochester, New York. Married Biaga Longo.*

Francesca Mascari, born August 15, 1858 in Termini Imerese, Sicily; died February 15, 1944 at Kingston, Pennsylvania, married Augustino Caito about 1878.*

*Rosario Mascari is Philip Sansone's grandfather and Francesca Mascari is the great-grandmother of Paul Caito. This is where their trees connect. Paul's tree can be seen here.
Salvatore Matthew Macari, born in 1866; died October 19, 1921 in Rochester, New York.
14. Antonio Longo, date of birth, marriage and death unknown. He married 15. Margherita Scalleta.
15. Margherita Scalleta, date of birth and death unknown.

Children of Antonio Longo and Margaretta Scalleta:
Biaga Longo, born 1861 in Termini Imerese, Sicily; died November 28, 1927 in Rochester, New York. Married Rosario Mascari.
Rosalie Longo, date of birth and death unknown. Married Matthew Mercurio.

Antonina Longo, date of birth and death unknown. Married ? Cianciolo.

Generation 5
16. Andrea Sansone, born 1776 in Termini Imerese, Sicily; date of death unknown. He married 17. Giraloma Palmisano.
17. Giraloma Palmisano, date of birth and death unknown.

Child of Andrea Sansone and Giraloma Palmisano:
Filippo Sansone, born 1812 in Termini Imerese, Sicily; date of death unknown. Married Rafaella Guiseppa Cianciolo November 11, 1838 in Termini Imerese, Sicily.

(NOTE: Search continues for more information on Andrea, Andrea's parents and siblings and for several siblings of Filippo Sansone at this time.)
18. Giovanni Cianciolo, date of birth, marriage and death unknown. He married 19. Lucia Scarpace.
19. Lucia Scarpace, date of birth and death unknown.

Child of Giovanni Cianciolo and Lucia Scarpace:
Rafaella Guiseppa Cianciolo, born 1815 in Termini Imerese, Sicily; date of death unknown. Married Filippo Sansone on November 11, 1838 in Termini Imerese, Sicily.

01-04-1999: Information supplied by Phil Sansone (b. 1919) indicates that Annette Cianciolo told him that she and her family (parents Frances and Philip, sisters Biaga, Frances and Joyce Ann) lived most of their lives in Milwaukee, WI.

Divorce - [date: 24 JUL 1974]

01-20-1999: She continues to live in Milwaukee, WI with her son Philip.

Death Note

He was 84 yrs old at the time of his death. The funeral was from Zwaska Funeral Home and entombment in Wisconsin Memorial Park in the Garden of the Apostles.

23 Sep 1998: Death certificate on file lists parents with a last name of Cianciolo. Previous information had her last name listed as Cianciloa. I think the death certificate may be more accurate as the information was supplied by Frances L. Caito who was known to be aware of the details. The certificate lists her birth place as Ohio and residence in Batavia since 1910 (58 years). She and her husband Paul, lived at 37 Woodrow Road, Batavia NY 14020.

Funeral from the Gilmartin Funeral Home on January 22, 1968 with burial in St. Joseph's Cemetery in the family plot (photograph on file)

Petition papers for her husband Paul, lists his wife's name as Cianciolo so this confirms the death certificate spelling. It also lists her birthplace as Cleveland.

7 Jan 1999: [Broderbund Family Archive #110, Vol. 1 A-L, Ed. 6, Social Security Death Index: U.S., Date of Import: Jan 7, 1999, Internal Ref. #1.111.6.37512.176] Individual: Caito, Lucia; SS #: 105-20-5185 Issued in: NY Birth date: Aug 27, 1893 Death date: Jan 1968; Last known residence: Batavia, NY 14020

Burial - [place: Batavia, Genesee Co, NY at St. Joseph Cemetery]

Death Note

She was 74 yrs, 4 mos, 23 days at the time of her death.

8-27-98 Approximate date of marriage (1909) supplied by Anna Sansone Caito (b. 1897) to Patrice Caito in 1978.

Residence - [date: BET 1939 AND 1942] [place: Detroit, Wayne Co, MI]
17537 Cherrylawn

The family lived here for a short period of time. After Frank died, Maria insisted on returning to 11th Street.

Residence - [date: 1918] [place: Detroit, Wayne Co, MI]
965 Michigan Ave.

Residence - [date: 1919] [place: Detroit, Wayne Co, MI]
789 1/2 Michigan Ave.

Residence - [date: BET 1920 AND 1939] [place: Detroit, Wayne Co, MI]
2037 11th

Maria was listed as 'Mary' several times in the R L Polk City Directories and in the 1920 U.S. Census.

Residence - [date: BET 1945 AND 1977] [place: Detroit, Wayne Co, MI]
2583 Central

Residence - [date: BET 1977 AND 1982] [place: Allen Park, Wayne Co, MI]
9905 Carter

Residence - [date: BET 1943 AND 1945] [place: Detroit, Wayne Co, MI]
2037 11th

Burial - [date: 5 MAY 1982] [place: Detroit, Wayne Co, MI at Mt Olivet Cemetery]

There is a marker: Section 59, Plot 222, Grave 7. Maria is buried alongside her husband in the family plot, with 3 sons, 1 daughter, 1 daughter-in-law, 1 grandson and 1 great-grandson nearby.

Naturalization - [date: 1916] [place: Mobile, Mobile Co, AL]

At this time, the U.S. law did not allow women to take out citizenship papers. A married woman simply took the oath of allegiance with him when her husband was naturalized.

Immigration - [date: 16 MAR 1906] [place: Ellis Island, New York Co, NY from Palermo, Sicily on the Ultonia]

Scarpaci, Maria Age 21 March 16, 1906 Palermo Passenger # 0024 . Her new husband, Francesco, is listed as Passenger # 0023.

Event Travel - [date: 1 MAY 1915] [place: Palermo, Sicily, Italy on The Dante Alighieri]
New York, Ellis Island

The name of the ship was The Dante Alighieri. She lists her age as 36. Found on line # 0005. Apparently, Maria was accompanying her younger sister, Anna (Aunt Anie) and her new husband, Leonardo Gucciardi, to the U.S. after their marriage in Termini. Anna is listed as Single, Leonard is listed as married. Perhaps one of the other was confused! :-)

Death Note

She was 96 yrs, 3 mos, 7 days old. Maria died of cardio regenting (?) arrest due to congestive heart failure, dehydration, and arteriosclerotic heart arrest. She had had recent hip replacement surgery.

Marriage Note

The date of their marriage is a "best guess." No one has proof of Frank's and Maria's marriage in either Sicily or the United States. However, Laurie (Scarpace) McKenzie has information from another Scarpace researcher giving the October date as the marriage date.

Oct 24, 2001 - A photocopy of the marriage certificate was received from Donna Guiffre (guiffre@comcast.net). Now - to get someone to translate it! A preliminary look at the certificate may give the date as 16 October 1905.

<b>Atti Di Matrimonio

</b>L'anno millenovecentocinque, addi <u>sedici</u> di <u>ottobre</u>, a oro <u>quattordici,</u> e minuti _____ nella Casa comunale di <u>Termini Imerese</u>, aperta al pubblico.

Avanti di me <u>Mr. Giovanni Marsala, assissore, ff. da Sindaco</u>.
Uffiaziale dello Stato civile, vestito in forma ufficialo sone permanalmente comparsi:
l° <u>Scarpaci Francesco, celibe</u>, di anni <u>venticinque, marinaio</u> nato in <u>Termini</u>, residente in <u>Termini</u>, figlio d<u>i Francesco</u> residente in <u>Termini</u>, e d<u>i Longo Vincenza</u>, residente in <u>detto luogo</u>; 2° <u>Cianciolo Maria nubile</u> di anni <u>venti</u>, <u>casalinga</u> nata in <u>Termini</u>, residente in Termini, figlia d<u>i Giovanni</u>, residente in <u>Termini</u>, e d<u>i Gucciardi Rosa</u>, residente in <u>detto luogo</u>, i quali mi hanno richiesto di unirli in<b> </b>matrimonio; a questo effetto mi hanno presentato i __ documento soto deserit<u>to</u>; dall'esame di quest<u>o</u> non che di quelli gia prodotti all'atto della richiesta delle pubblicazioni, i quali tutti, muniti del mio visto, inserisco nel volume degli allegati a questo registro, risultandomi nulla ostara alla celebrazione del loro matrimonio, ho letto agli sposi gli articoli centetrenta, centotrentuno e centotrentadue del Codice Civile, e quindi ho domandato allo sposo se intende di prendere in moglie la qui presente <u>Cianciolo Maria,</u> e a questa se intende di prendere in marito il qui presente <u>Scarpaci Francesco</u>; ed avendomi ciascuno risposto affermativamente a piena intelligenzi aache dei testimoni sotto indicati, ho pronunziato in nome della lagge che i medisimi sono uniti in matrimonio. A quest'atto sono stati presenti:

<u>LoBuono Giuseppe</u> di anni <u>cinquanta</u>, <u>commercialante</u>, e <u>Schiavo Salvatore</u> di anni <u>ventidue</u>, <u>marinaio</u>, <u>entrambi residenti in questo Comune lo documento presentato e'il certificato dello pubblicazionni da na ossguite la primo il giorno trisiamato e la secunda il giorno ventiquattro della coriomere. Agnesto matrimonio harma prestati il lore unso i genitori della sposa come risutta del'atto di rechiesto delle pubblicazioni. Letto il presente atto agli rutimonsiti essi d'haime mese settiscritto.
</u>
Cianciolo Maria
Scarpaci Francesco
Giuseppe LoBuono
Schiavo Salvatore
di Sindaco ff
Giovanni Marsala

<b>Translation:
</b>
<b>Act of Matrimony
</b>
In the year 1905, on the sixteenth of October, at two o'clock and no minutes, in the Common House (City Hall) of Termini Imerese, opened to the public.

In front of me, Giovanni Marsala, magistrate, functioning for the Mayor.

1st comes Scarpaci Francisco, a single male, 25 years old, a sailor, having been born in Termini, residing in Termini, son of the living Francisco, residing in Termini, and of the living Longo Vincenza, residing in same place; 2nd comes Cianciolo Maria, a single female, twenty years old, housekeeper, born in Termini, residing in Termini, daughter of the living Giovanni, residing in Termini, and of the living Gucciardi Rosa, residing in the same place, who have demanded of me to join them in marriage; to this effect they have presented me with the license; from the examination of this has introduced me that they have presented to the action of the demand for the banns, which all, meeting my approval, written in the volume of invite you to this registry, showing me no objection to the celebration of their wedding, I have read to the spouses articles 130, 131 and 132 of the Civil Code, and therefore has asked to the groom if he means to take as wife here the present Cianciolo Maria, and to her if she means to take as husband here the present Scarpaci Francisco; and having everyone to me affirmatively answered of their own free will and understanding, I have pronounced in the name of the law that the couple are united in marriage. The following persons are present as witnesses:

LoBuono Giuseppe, 50 years old, shopkeeper (businessman), and Schiavo Salvatore, 22 years old, sailor, both residing in this City. This document is presented, a published certificate to follow between the first and second parties on the twenty-fourth of this month in this City. The marriage becomes final if there are no objections by the spouses' families demanding<b> </b>revocation<b> </b>of<b> </b>its<b> </b>publication and they have thus placed their signatures below<b>.
</b>Cianciolo Maria
Scarpaci Francesco
Giuseppe LoBuono
Schiavo Salvatore
for the Mayor…
….Giovanni Marsala
<b>(note: all signatures in their own handwriting)
</b>

19 Jan 1968: Obituary of her sister, Lucia Cianciolo Caito, notes that Mary survives and her name is listed as Mrs. David (Mary) Cianciolo. From this one must assume that her maiden and married surname are Cianciolo. The obituary also notes that she was living in Detroit at the time of Lucia Caito's death.

4 Jan 1999: Information supplied by Phil Sansone (b. 1919) indicates that Philip was an only son and his father was killed in an accident at sea off the coast of SICILY. His mother remarried and emigrated to Milwaukee, WI.

Religion -
Roman Catholic

She did not marry. She stayed in Sicily and cared for her father until his death.

Religion -
Roman Catholic

Birth Note

4 Dec1998: Birth, death and marriage date provided by Phil Sansone (b. 1919).
22 Sep 1999: Genealogy Research Report from Kathy Kirkpatrick located the birth of Giuseppe or Giuseppa Guglielmino on February 8, 1872, child of Girolama Sansone (Rafaella's daughter) and Salvatore Guglielmino, in which the birth was reported by Giuseppa Cianciolo Sansone, 60 yrs old (b. abt. 1812), living in Termini, maternal grandmother of the newborn child.

Religion -
Roman Catholic

Occupation -
Spinner

Religion -
Roman Catholic

05-07-1999: The birth records of Termini Imerese from 1834-36 at the LDS Library, microfilm #1688172 contain the birth of Michela Cirrintano on August 28, 1835. She was the daughter of Vincenzo Cirrintano, 28 years old (b. ~ 1807), a fisherman, living with his wife, Domenica Salamone, 27 years old (b. ~ 1808). Domenica was the daughter of the woman reporting the birth, Michela Mascari Salamone.

Death Note

She died from complications from a stroke suffered in October 1998.

Marriage Note

They had 10 children.

Russell County, Virginia
Deed Book 5, Page 4
29 January 1814
This Indenture made this 29 day of January one thousand eight hundred & 14 between Charles Kilgore and Mary his wife of Russell County and Commonwealth of Virginia of the one part and James Nickels of the county and state aforesaid of the other part Witnesseth that the said Charles Kilgore for and in consideration of four hundred dollars lawful money of Virginia to him in hand paid the receipt whereof he doth here acknowledge hath granted & bargained and sold and by these presents doth grant bargain & sell unto the above named James Nichols a certain tract or parcel of land lying and being in the county of Russell on the North side of Mockerson ridge it being part of a tract that belonged to George Stacey being seventy five acres more or less, and bounded as followeth to wit Beginning at a white oak on a clift thence running across the bent of the creek, thence to a beach on the side of the creek, thence up the creek as it runs to the mouth of a dry branch cornering on two beaches, and a dogwood, thence on a conditional line between the said Charles Kilgore and James Green thence running to two white oaks, thence on a conditional line between sd Charles Kilgore and Gray to a bucky & sugartree, thence along the several courses of the line cornering on the south side of Copper Creek, thence up the said creek to the beginning with its appurtenances to have and to hold the said tract or parcel of land unto the said James Nicles and his heirs forever and the said Charles Kilgore and Mary his wife and their will forever warrant and defend the said tract or parcel of land with all its appurtenances to the above named James Nicholas and to his heirs and assigns against the claims of all others. In witness whereof the said Charles Kilgore and Mary his wife have hereunto subscribed their names the day and year above written.
Charles Kilgore

Mary Kilgore

It is unclear which children were by which wife.

Marriage Note

Ira and Mary Clevinger had twelve children.

1870 Floyd Co, KY - Pct 3

49 Click, David 67 Tennessee
Nancy 55
Susanna 27
Sarah 25
John 34
Catharine 17
Samuel 21
Amanda M 18
Nancy J 4
Mary 4
John 2
William 2

Burial - [place: Swampton, Magoffin Co, KY on Carpenter Hill #2 at John Allen Cemetery]

Nancy Jane is buried near her husband.

Occupation - [date: BET 1982 AND 1998]
Marketing Manager: Eastman Kodak

Occupation - [date: 1998]
Homemaker and Mother

Religion -
Roman Catholic

Lived in Dunwoody, Georgia. They had no children.

Burial - [date: 24 APR 1981] [place: Buffalo, Erie Co, NY at Mt Calvary Cemetery in a mausoleum]

Burial - [place: Salyersville, Magoffin Co, KY at Cole Cemetery]

Marriage Note

Wiley did not marry Malissa/Melissa Cole if one looks at the birthdates of their children.